3/24/2021 0 Comments Torrent Explain Pain Pdf
Thus, according to this view, people feel pain when certain patterns of neural activity occur, such as when appropriate types of activity reach excessively high levels in the brain.That is usually the journal article where the information was first stated.
In most cases Physiopedia articles are a secondary source and so should not be used as references. Physiopedia articles are best used to find the original sources of information (see the references list at the bottom of the article). ![]() A physiotherapists approach to pain will often depend on their knowledge and their clients perception of pain and its causes. Several theoretical frameworks have been proposed to explain the physiological basis of pain, although none yet completely accounts for all aspects of pain perception. A number of theories have been postulated to describe mechanisms underlying pain perception. These theories date back several centuries and even millennia (Kenins 1988; Perl 2007; Rey 1995) 3. First, conceptualized in the fourth century BCE by Plato in his oeuvre Timaeus (Plato 1998), the theory defines pain, not as a unique sensory experience but rather, as an emotion that occurs when a stimulus is stronger than usual 4. This theory is based on Aristotles concept that pain resulted from excessive stimulation of the sense of touch. Both stimulus intensity and central summation are critical determinants of pain. It was implied that the summation occurred in the dorsal horn cells.Arthur Goldscheider further advanced the Intensity Theory, based on an experiment performed by Bernhard Naunyn in 1859 cited in Dallenbach (1939). These experiments showed that repeated tactile stimulation (below the threshold for tactile perception) produced pain in patients with syphilis who had degenerating dorsal columns. When this stimulus was presented to patients 60600 timess, they rapidly developed what they described as unbearable pain. Torrent Explain Pain Series Of ExperimentsNaunyn reproduced these results in a series of experiments with different types of stimuli, including electrical stimuli. ![]() This theory considers pain as an independent sensation with specialised peripheral sensory receptors nociceptors, which respond to damage and send signals through pathways (along nerve fibres) in the nervous system to target centres in the brain. These brain centres process the signals to produce the experience of pain. Torrent Explain Pain Free Nerve EndingsThus, it is based on the assumption that the free nerve endings are pain receptors and that the other three types of receptors are also specific to a sensory experience. He isolated pain from displeasure by focusing on cutaneous pain, where the infliction of pain carried no immediate threat, and therefore the emotional response was removed. He proposed that pain was an experience based on both the noxious stimulus and the psychic reaction or displeasure provoked by the sensation. Strong concluded that pain is the sensation: The first sensation was the experience of heat and then came the sensation of pain. ![]() This theory ignored findings of specialized nerve endings and many of the observations supporting the specificity andor intensive theories of pain. The theory stated that any somaesthetic sensation occurred by a specific and particular pattern of neural firing and that the spatial and temporal profile of firing of the peripheral nerves encoded the stimulus type and intensity 7.Goldschneider (1920) proposed that there is no separate system for perceiving pain, and the receptors for pain are shared with other senses, such as of touch. This theory considers that peripheral sensory receptors, responding to touch, warmth and other non-damaging as well as to damaging stimuli, give rise to non-painful or painful experiences as a result of differences in the patterns in time of the signals sent through the nervous system.
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